The HistoryMakers and the Slap Heard ‘Round the World

Picture this: You’re watching the Academy Awards (the Oscars) on live television and a comedian hosting the show makes a joke at the expense of one of the famous actors in the audience. Typical, right? However, this is a little different—as the comedian comes for the actor’s short haircut, which itself is the result of an ongoing battle with alopecia. Still, no one really seems to notice or care that much. But then, that actor’s spouse promptly walks onstage and smacks the comedian who made the joke clear across the mouth before simply returning to his seat.

That’d be weird, right?

Unfortunately for us in this dimension, this is exactly what happened on March 27, 2022, at this year’s Oscars. The comedian was Chris Rock, the actor he made the joke was Jada Pinkett Smith, and the fellow who slapped Rock was Will Smith. I didn’t watch the Oscars live, but I am living in an age and country in which one is compelled to spend untold hours on the internet, and as a result I had a difficult time avoiding news stories, memes, and commentary about “the slap,” as everyone is calling it.

If you’re fortunate enough to not have this news shoved in your face every day since March 27, below is a short clip of the incident. Be mindful, though, that Will Smith drops two uncensored f-bombs in this video:

So, what does this have to do with The HistoryMakers and its Digital Archive? Well, on March 31, the head of the organization, Julieanna Richardson, asked the Student Brand Ambassadors to search the word “slap” in the Digital Archive and write a blog post with no fewer than fifteen quotes from HistoryMakers about slaps. It’s kind of like a current events thing, I guess. Anyway, let’s get to it. I found that many of the slap-related clips in the archive had to do with schools and teachers, so I put those first. The bolded parts of this list are the titles of the clips in which the slapping incidents appear on the HistoryMakers Digital Archive.

1. “Hellen O'Neal-McCray describes her experiences in school”

This clip is from Hellen O'Neal-McCray, an activist and high school teacher who was involved in both the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) and the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC). In the '“slap” clip of her interview, she described the shock that came from a nun slapping her at Catholic school. If a nun slapped me, I’d surprised too, because I’ve never met a nun much less been assaulted by one.

O’NEAL-McCRAY: When I went to boarding school, yes. I--the only time I've ever been slapped, I mean actually slapped in the face, I was slapped at Holy Rosary. Sister Loraine [ph.] slapped me, and she slapped me I think on both sides. I remember just being so angry I couldn't--I just--whew--I was so angry I couldn't say what I thought and I couldn't--I was very angry. She slapped me on both sides of my face. I didn't come, go and eat, I sat on those steps and she just kind of left me alone. And then later on that evening, people went to dinner and they came back from dinner, she brought me--brought me something to eat. She brought me a tray.
INTERVIEWERNow what did she slap you for, what was her--?
I ran into her. I was running and I actually ran into her. And she--she slapped me. That why I was slapped. It's just--that's probably the only time because my mother had never slapped me.

2. “Melvin Van Peebles recalls lessons from his father”

Let’s go back to school for our third slap. Return of the Slap, Revenge of the Slap, what have you. This story came from actor, director, and author Melvin Van Peebles (1932-2021). As typical of someone who works with stories, Van Peebles took a question about how he was in school and used it to spring into a whole anecdote.

INTERVIEWER: How were you as far as a student in school?
MELVIN VAN PEEBLES: Very good, very, very good. And I remember, probably one of these epiphanies. I didn't understand, but I just did it, and now I do it all the time. But I remember in sixth grade I got slapped by my teacher out in Harvey, Illinois. And he slapped me because I was arguing with him about a math problem, we had a little math problem. And everybody in class went in, and I had a different answer. And he said, "Well, no, your answer," I said, "No, my answer is right." And I guess I answered him a little too sharply. Eventually the teacher came to me and apologized about the slap, but this was much later. He had looked on the back of the book, you know, where they have these little books for answers. And my answer was in the back of the book, and he had scratched through my answer ten years ago and put in the other answer. But he hadn't read the problem correctly. But my dad [Marion Peebles] went up to see the teacher about hitting me, et cetera, et cetera. And I said, "Dad, I was right." He says, "Yeah, but don't ever show you're right, if you're right," and then such and such. "You've got to be diplomatic." He said, "You've got to know when to hold them and when to fold them, and when to lay in the cut, et cetera, et cetera." Because I embarrassed the guy in front of everybody. "Well, no, no, whoa, whoa, slow your roll." You know what I mean, a kid doesn't think to do all those things, you know what I mean. And that was very, very, very interesting for me. And the other thing, one time--now when I left school I would get on a train and ride fourteen miles into Chicago [Illinois] and then catch another train and come to work [at Hollywood Cleaners and Tailors (ph.)]. And one day I came in and I was late. And I was supposed to go to a little party that evening afterwards. And I said, "I'm going to go to that party." And he said, "No, no, you were late for work." I said, "But Dad, there was a train wreck." He said, "You should have left before the train wreck." I've never been late again, I leave before the train wreck. It was all, I mean, just hard-nosed type of learning. So I had this duality of these--learning these two things.

3. “Blanche Burton-Lyles recalls her early experiences of racial discrimination”

In her slap clip, Blanche Burton-Lyles (1933-2018), a cultural heritage chief executive and pianist who was the first Black female pianist to play at Carnegie Hall with the New York Philharmonic. Natch, in her interview she describes her musical education, which included time at the Ornstein School of Music in Philadelphia. Although she says she had an overall good experience at this school, it was also the first place where Burton-Lyles experienced racism—from one of her own friends in school. Here’s how she put it:

Basically yeah, I had no problem in school, one time a little, one of my closest friends in elementary school. And, and we were doing something--she always liked some of my lunch, I said, "You have to bring you own lunch." She called me an unpleasant name, and I slapped her, so my mother had to come up, she said, "Yes, I told her anyone who calls her that name, to slap," (laughter). She said, "And she'll do it again." And that we were, remained very good friends (laughter), but she had obviously heard it in home, at home and she didn't know. That was expressing her anger, she didn't know the meaning of the word, you know.

4. “Sossina Haile talks about her experience at Sanford English School”

Let’s jump across the Atlantic to examine a story about getting slapped in school—but on the hand as opposed to in the face. That’s how chemist Sossina Haile (1966—) described as a ubiquitous threat during her time at Sanford English School (now known as Sandford International School) in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia I guess they just do things differently in Africa?

INTERVIEWER: Okay. Were there any favorite teachers?

HAILE: No, I don't like any of them. I don't like any of them. They were all mean. (laughing) You know, you didn't do your work, you would put your hand out and get slapped and the teachers--teachers were individuals to be scared of.

INTERVIEWER: Okay. So none of them were warm enough to--

HAILE: That was also a huge shock to come to the States and find out that teachers and kids could be friends, "what, you're not terrified when the teacher walks in the classroom, what's going on?"

I really, really appreciate Haile’s honesty when she said that she didn’t like any of her teachers. ;)

HistoryMaker Sossina Haile with interviewer Larry Crowe in 2012.

5. “The Honorable Minister Louis Farrakhan remembers being falsely accused by a white teacher”

Now, let’s return to the States and to slaps in the face to read an anecdote from Louis Farrakhan (1933—), leader of the Nation of Islam. As the title of this clip indicates, this clip, like many other slap-related ones, involves a white teacher in school. But, unlike many other clips, it’s the lack of a slap that is important. Here’s Farrakhan describing the incident in Boston when he was a youth—which gets really deep and sounds like it was a formative religious experience for Farrakhan:

So when I got back to my school [Sherwin School, Boston, Massachusetts], the math teacher--I can't remember the incident, but he, he lied on me. And most of the teachers in the all-black school were white. You didn't see no black teachers no where. Everything was white, the police, the teachers, you know. So you didn't have any black role models to look up to. So that teacher lied on me and I threatened him. I stood up in the class, and I told him I would kill him. So they sent me immediately to the headmaster's office. And when he heard that I had threatened the teacher, he said, "Well, you gotta bring your mother [Sarah Mae Manning Clarke; Sumayyah Farrakhan] up." So I mean my mother is fierce, and that's a woman--I didn't really need a man in my life 'cause she was all the man I could handle. I could never handle her, but I mean, she was strong. And so I, I'm nervous because my mother has to hear that I threatened the teacher. So the headmaster is there, and he says, "Louis, you have a very bad temper, and you're gonna have to learn to count to ten." I said, "I'll count to ten, and then I'll kill him." And my mother didn't slap me because I was so angry with this teacher that if my mother had slapped me, she would have seen a reaction from me that she had never seen before. You don't slap me for some Caucasian lying on me after I'm threatening to kill him for lying. All the whippings that I got, never from mischief making, from lying after I got caught mischief making (laughter). So my mother was wearing my backside out over lies. And here's a grown person gonna lie on me. Well no, I wasn't gonna take that. But my mother did not react. So I--on the way home from school, she said, "Son, you know, I believe you are telling the truth." I was so relieved because my mother was the type of mother, she would bring me up in front of the class and whip me in front of all the students if I was out of line. And she threatened to do that to me, but for me to threaten a teacher, she knew that man was lying. So that's the base of this man that you know today as Louis Farrakhan [HistoryMaker Minister Louis Farrakhan]. I hated white supremacy. I hate it now. I hated America for what America was doing to black people. I was angry with the church because the church was not addressing the pain and hurt of our people. So I'm always looking for a deliverer.

6. “Johnny Coleman shares early memories of his childhood in Redlands, California”

Let’s close out this “school-slap” section with something meta: A HistoryMaker describes a slap in school, then talks about an art piece he made about that person getting slapped by a teacher in school. This is from artist and art professor Johnny Coleman (1958—), whose brother David is the student who was slapped:

COLEMAN: I remember early on, my younger brother's real sharp but my parents made sure that both of us could read before we went to school. I remember early on my younger brother when he was in either kindergarten or first grade, probably first grade, and I would have been in fourth grade, his teacher slapping him because she had asked who could come up to the front of the room and write their name on the board, of three young black kids in the class with primarily white kids in the rest of the class, he was the only one who walked up to the front and, you know, just no big deal wrote out D-A-V-I-D period, and she slapped him. She was so shocked that he had the audacity and the confidence to be the one to do it. So that's something that stood out.
INTERVIEWER: And how was that dealt with?
COLEMAN: I don't think she ever slapped anybody again. My parents handled that. … Made a phone call and went down and had a conversation, I remember the woman's name to this day, you know, and she didn't do it to me, it was to my brother. So that, that's another memory.

Elsewhere in his interview, Coleman talks about an art installation he made later in life about this particular slap and its social implications. You can watch that on the Digital Archive.

Hope you’re still with me! I know block quotes can be hard to read, especially in quick succession. But now we’re going to pivot toward some more, um, slap stories that take us outside of the school setting.

That’s right, folks. We’ve gone through proverbial Slap Elementary, Slap Middle, Slap High, and we graduated summa cum laude from University of Slap. Now, we need to tackle slap Life. Some of these stories still happen when the speaker was a kid, but we’re going to briefly ignore that fact for the sake of my metaphor, okay?

7. “Les Payne recalls his refusal to address a white salesman as ‘Sir’”

Let’s start off with this one from Pulitzer-winning journalist and erstwhile president of the National Association of Black Journalists, Les Payne (1941-2018). I thought this clip was interesting on account of I’m 70% sure something similar happened to me when I was a kid and I (for whatever reason) didn’t want to say “yes, ma’am” to a taekwondo instructor. But enough about me. Here’s what Payne had to say:

And another incident that stands out is my mother [Josephine Payne Johnson]. I was in a shoe store at about that time, and I refused to say, "Yes, sir," to a--and maybe for that reason f-, I, I won't link them but I know it was about that time, which would say I was about six. I was buying shoes to go into the first or second grade [at Twentieth Street Elementary School, Tuscaloosa, Alabama] and, and I refused to answer the shoe salesman, "Sir," and my mother slapped me in the shoe store and--you know, to discipline me for not saying, "Sir," and I refused, even with her discipline, and she jerked me out of the store and, and I don't know if I--I don't remember if I got the shoes or not. But for whatever reason I, I did not answer this, this, this shoe salesman, "Sir," and she was telling me that it would get--that I would get in trouble, you know, for not doing this, and you could get in trouble, you know; I mean people would kill you, I mean white people would kill you for not (unclear), for breaking the etiquette, you know. This boy was uppity; who is he? And they would teach you a lesson. This is the way, you know, Alabama was in those days. I didn't know at that point, but I did know that, you know, I was not gonna answer this guy, "Sir," and may have been that time because--my [maternal] grandmother [Annie Mae Payne], so--and so things like that began to make me aware that something was wrong here.

8. “Aurie Pennick recounts how her grandmother protected her aunt from a sheriff”

As you might have gathered from the title, this clip is about the grandmother of HistoryMaker Aurie Pennick (1947—) protecting one of her daughters from a sheriff. And the sheriff was mad because the girl (Pennick’s aunt) had slapped a white girl:

[G]rowing up in the South my mother [Aurie Watts Baines] would say was very different perhaps than some peers. 'Cause I'll never forget, she said she had an older sister who slapped a white girl. I mean, and that was never heard of in, in their time, but the white girl spit on her, so her sister slapped her. So my grandmother [Amanda Watts] had to hide her daughter. My grandmother was known for carrying a shotgun, and so she patrolled the house with a shotgun. And my mother's older brothers--'cause they knew the sheriff was gonna try to come and take, you know, my mother's sister out of the house and probably lynch--you know, for slapping a white girl. So my mother [sic. grandmother] sat up with the shotgun with her sons. And they--you know, if they were gonna come to get her, they were gonna have to come through 'em. And finally, the, the sheriff did come by himself and said--demanding an apology from my daughter--from my mother's sister to this white girl, which my mother's sister did not wanna give, you know, because she spit on her. But my grandmother said, "Well, I apologize for my daughter," but my, my mother's sister never did apologize and she went on to become a, a Baptist minister.

9. “Robert Tutman recalls his conversation with Rosa Parks”

Robert Tutman (1946—) is someone who earned his spot in the archive for his work as a photojournalist. One of the famous people he interviewed as part of his work was Rosa Parks. If you don’t know who Rosa Parks is or why she is historically relevant, I don’t feel like telling you. But, according to Tutman, Parks told him that she mainly stayed put in the bus seat that she became famous for sitting in because someone slapped her. An interesting twist to the traditional story we’ve been told about this pivotal moment in civil rights history:

I interviewed Rosa Parks, since we're talking about people, and that is in 1972; and I said to her, "Oh what an honor to meet you, you know? Rosa Parks and," blah, blah, blah, and she said, "You know, it's not no big thing, you know." I said, "But, you know, what you did and stuff like that." She said, "You know," said, "it's not--my feet hurt." I said, "What do you mean your feet hurt?" She says, "I sat down because my feet hurt." I said, "Really?" She said, "Yeah," she said, "and I was getting ready to move." I said, "You were getting ready to move?" She said, "Yeah, until he slapped me." I said, "He slapped you?" She said, "Yeah." I said, "Wait a minute, at--no- nobody--nobody--." She said, "No, we decided after it that it would be better for the movement if it was just, I sat there and didn't wanna move," she said, "but I was getting--I was moving slow 'cause my feet hurt but he, he hit me." And I'm like, "Whew, okay." So that's the story she told me, that she was going to get up but he slapped her so she just sat there.

10. “Mary Shy Scott describes the sights, sounds, and smells of her childhood”

While we’re on the subject of the civil rights movement, here’s a tangentially related slap from HistoryMaker Mary Shy Scott about her adolescence in Atlanta, Georgia.

I was a youngster at 424, just before we moved to the project [Grady Homes, Atlanta, Georgia] and before the people had bought all of the property across from us to build the Capitol Homes [Atlanta, Georgia], there was an African American lady who owned a home across the street from us and had re- renters, room, boarders and whatever had happened, I was standing in our front door looking through the screen at the cops that she called and the man was talking trying t- to--whatever he was saying must not have been the truth and she got ready to defend herself and this white cop said, "I told you to shut your mouth," and he slapped her. Now that was the one thing that has carried me through my whole life, because when we started the Civil Rights Movement, I remember thinking to myself, wait a minute, that didn't have to happen. And I wish I had known her better, by the time we are in the Civil Rights Movement, because that's the one thing that stuck with me. I didn't get angry with policemen because I knew they were protecting us as we grew up, but I just felt that that was the one thing that shouldn't have happened. And as I have spoken throughout the coun- world, I have done speeches everywhere that's the one thing I mention so often, that we need protection but it has to be protection with guided responses to the persons that they are respecting. Now when we got to college, we got the first African American policeman here in Atlanta [Georgia], but they could not arrest anybody, so they came out of the YMCA [Young Men's Christian Association] with nice little uniforms on, but they couldn't arrest anybody and it took some finagling to get that out of place, you know.

11. Joe Dickson reflects upon the racial history of the United States

I thought this slap-related clip from HistoryMaker Joe Dickson (1933-2018), a real estate entrepreneur and civil rights activist, was interesting because it draws a connection between the racial politics of South Africa and those of the United States. Read for yourself:

Well, I think that one of the things that I think that we didn't talk--that I'd like to also say is that I don't want black people to continue this thing about how much they are supposed to do and what they are--how we aren't doing this and we aren't doing that. In the winter of 1953, James Smythe [ph.] referred me to a book that was written by Alan Paton. And in that book, in that same book, Rock Hudson [sic.] and Sidney Poitier made a movie. I think it was 'Cry, the Beloved Country' [Alan Paton] as a book or whatever it was. Paton and his son lived in Af- South Africa. And the--and the young--his son had a black friend that went with him everywhere he was the Bantu (unclear). They were out hunting one day, I remember this vividly out of the book, and, and they were shooting, so the little boy, the little--gave his friend, the little black boy, the gun to shoot. So his daddy saw him with the--with the--with gun shooting, the black guy. So he went and snatched the gun from him, and he slapped his son and told him, said, "Never put a gun in a Bantu's hand. Never." And Paton went on to talk about--the book went on to talk about and show, it was a little bit about apartheid and what was going on in South Africa and how they, they went in and changed the ways of the folk. And how they were living and this thing and I thought about America. When they outlawed slavery in the 17th century [sic.] in the international--and the international community agreed that slavery was over. But yet in America we did not adhere to the voice of the international community. We decided that we would disregard it and continue slavery. You couldn't bring them through the transatlantic slave--slave route. So what you do? You breed the daddy with the daughter or the sister with the brother. And you, you take the language and the culture and you take the religion and all of this, but you don't replace it with anything of value. And this--Alan Paton said the same thing in the book. Said, "When you take all that's near and dear from a people, you must replace it with something of value." And when you look at the Negro in this community where we are today, they're reaching, the gangbangers and this foolishness, they're reaching for something they don't have to reach for. All they have to do is sit for a minute, open a book, read it, and get back in the groove. They have to--may have to replace what was missing with something of value themselves. That's it.

12. “Louis Cameron Gossett, Jr. describes his family's reactions to his performance in ‘A Raisin in the Sun’”

Actor Louis Gossett, Jr. (1936—) is a HistoryMaker whose life story I am fascinated by. I’ve been a fan of him for a long time, ever since I saw him in the 1977 miniseries Roots. In this clip, he discusses being slapped by his grandmother for cursing during a preview of the 1961 film A Raisin in the Sun.

During one of the previews, I had to say "Goddamn it, I'm not doing that!", screaming at my grandmother. At the end of one performance, a Sunday matinee, a knock on the door, I opened the door, and this woman came and hit me on the head with her purse--That was my grandmother, for cursing on that stage. I still had a--she hit, she knocked me almost unconscious, and I had to pull her off and remind her that this is a line in a play, but she had no concept of her grand--grandson speaking to anybody that age ever again. That was one thing I remember. The other one was during a sad part the following Sunday, everybody's crying because grandma is died, dead, and I'm crying, and in the audience, you can hear the person saying--And (unclear) then you hear in the background (laughter). People really upset, "Who is that laughing at this terrible time?" It was my grandfather--he was, "That's my grandson." He had never seen a play before. But he was so proud that I had influence, he fell into a giggle, everybody is crying and he's laughing -"That's my grand, that's my grandson!" That's where it come from, from my grandmother one Sunday slapping me all upside the head for cursing-"If I hear you cursing one more time I'm going to pull you off that stage"--to my grandfather, "That's my grandson!" Again, in retrospect, our children don't have that anymore. One more time--if that was in place we wouldn't have so much of a problem.

13. “Richard Clayter recalls his experiences in Wiggins, Mississippi, pt. 1”

Our next slap comes from Richard Clayter (1922-2013), a lawyer who was the first Black person to graduate from the part-time program at Loyola University Chicago School of Law. He got slapped in the face basically for cussing around his uncle sometime in the late 1920s or 1930s—an obvious parallel to Gossett’s experience . In Clayter’s words:

My uncle's name was Clint [Clinton Hayes], Clint was his name. Incidentally, that reminds me. I referred to my father [Richard Clayter, Sr.] being a carpenter, I couldn't drive a nail if you, (laughter) you know my life depended on it. So, shortly after I got down to Mississippi, my dear uncle was doing something to the porch, they had, they had a porch with a swing. He was doing something to this porch and he made the mistake of giving me a hammer and I hit my nail on my finger with a hammer and I uttered a word, I think, damn or something, and that man slapped me and I saw stars. Believe me, you can see, people can slap you and you can see stars. I'll never forget that.

14. “Ophelia DeVore talks about her parents' interracial marriage and her identity as an American”

I chose this quote from HistoryMaker Ophelia DeVore (1922-2014) because I was fascinated that she would say something as normal for me as being called Black was something that amounted to fighting words when she was growing up.

Well, you know my, you know, during the time I came up, if you said somebody was black, you'd get slapped in the face, you understand. You were either Negro or people of color. And we were never called Negro or we, we were called people of color. We were always people of color and were never called Negro. I mean that, that's the way I was taught, and that's, that's the way I--we presented ourselves.

This is an interesting point from DeVore. Like her, my own grandmother has said than in her younger days, Black people didn’t call themselves “Black.” I don’t doubt this at all, but it is interesting to square this with the information that the government has used the term “Black” for African-descended people for a long, long time. Just one example off the top of my head is the 1870 census, the first one in which formerly enslaved people were now enumerated. Look at that census, and you will see a little “B” next to their name that denotes the word, “Black.” And I’m certain that isn’t the earliest instance of the use of the term by the government. This just raises some questions about the extent to which the U.S. regime has affected the self-identities of African-descended people in the Americas.

15. “Dr. James Hill shares his personal philosophy”

For our final “slap clip” of the evening, I would like to close with this quote from Dr. James Hill’s (1949—) interview. I thought that Hill, an orthopedic surgeon, had some wise words for everyone:

INTERVIEWER: Dr. Hill, is there anything else that you wanna talk about that we have not talked about?
HILL: Yeah. I guess, I would say that it disappoints me that people take themselves outta the game. And, if you let the world define you, you'll always do what the world says. And, historically the world, especially if you're on the lower economic rung, socio-economic rung, the world has not been very nice to you. So, if you let them define who you're gonna be and what 'cha gonna get, then you're already behind the eight ball. And, everybody can leav--live their dream. It might not come out the way you want it. 'Cause God don't give you what you ask for, he gives you what you need. But, you gotta put some--the free will part of it, is you gotta give the effort. And, if you give the effort at some point you're gonna either go over that obstacle, under that obstacle, around the obstacle, or just like how molecules change, you can go through the obstacle without even breaking it. But, 'cha gotta say, you gotta envision yourself, you're gonna get there and gotta believe you can get there. And, most people, take them own selves out of the game. They don't even try. They assume that they gonna get slapped in the face. So, of course, they get slapped in the face, and don't stick their hand up to block the slap.

Conclusion

So, what can we learn from all this? First of all, that Will Smith and Chris Rock are by no means the first Black people to be involved in slap controversies. (Slaptroversies, if you will. Ha-ha.) Further, if you look at how the slaps function in these clips, the slaps typically are given as the result of some social transgression or other. Often, someone slaps someone they perceive has having disrespected them or someone else they think should be respected. That’s certainly the reason Smith slapped Rock, and the reason all those white teachers slapped all those Black kids. Of course, the same perceived disrespect is behind why some Black parents slapped their own children.

If I had the time and the means, I’d inquire into the social history of the slap in the era of American slavery, if there is one worth writing about. As we know, slaveholders were given free rein to enact violence on their chattel, and I would not be surprised if this included a slap or two. I can picture the master’s wife delivering a swift slap to the face of some hapless maid who accidentally spilled a cup of coffee, or something. Perhaps the WPA slave narratives have something that mentions “slap violence.” Someone should look into that… but not me! ‘Cause I’m about to be swamped by final projects for this doggone master’s degree.

In any case, I hope you have enjoyed this brief (wink) foray into what the HistoryMakers Digital Archive has to say about the social dimensions of the slap.

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